Theories of motivation

Motivation is a very important psychological and sociological concept, which creates desire and fire in humans to act in a particular direction for a particular goal. Simply put, motivation means a technique of encouraging people to achieve desired goals with intense passion.

Motivation occupies a very important place and position in organizational context and management processes now-a-days. It is considered to be the most useful technique, used most successfully to encourage workers to make positive contribution for achieving organizational objectives.

Theories of Motivation

There are four important theories on motivation. They are 

1.) Maslow's Heirarchy of Needs Theory

2.)Hertzberg's Two Factor Theory

3.) Douglas McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

4.) Mc.Clelland's Achievement Motivation Theory.

1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory

This theory is based on the presumption that every human has different needs, which require to be satisfied. The needs vary in importance and can be managed in order of priority. Humans try to satisfy their needs in the order of priority. They move from one need after satisfying it to another. The desire of the humans to move among the needs is the base for motivation.

2. Frederick Hertzberg's Theory of human motivation

This theory proposes that the attitude of workers in an organization is influenced by two sets of factors viz., hygiene or maintenance factors and motivational factors.

3. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y

This theory proposes division of workers into two types viz., (1.) Employees to be treated under theory X and (2.) Employees to be treated under theory 'Y'. Different methods of motivation are required for the two sets of people.

4. McClelland's Achievement Motivation Theory

According to this theory, there are three types of needs, one atleast of which envelops every worker. These are (1.)Need for power, (2.) Need for affiliation, (3.) Need for Achievement. Motivation would be most effective if the workers' need is rightly diagnosed and efforts made to provide for it.

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